analyzing rhetorical strategies in presidential speeches assignment

The author wants to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and remarks. In this lesson plan, students consider the rhetorical devices in the address JFK delivered on January 20, 1961. and appeals before you start. During this primary election, Donald Trump presents clearly an atypical figure, employing short sentences, a reduced vocabulary, repeating the same arguments with simple words (see Table 2). La campagne prsidentielle de 2012. One can compare them to those employed by US presidents in their inaugural addresses (Kubt and Cech, 2016). Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. As a tweet is rather short (in mean eleven words), the sentiment estimation is simply the count of the number of positive and negative words appearing in the OpinionFinder dictionary (Wilson et al., 2005). Using graphical views to represent results of stylistic analysis is not new in quantitative linguistics studies. Table 5 reports both the h-point and the first four recurrent topical words. SHAPIRO: You know, you say President Trump attacks people, and that's broadly true as a figure of speech. Both are preferring to repeat their arguments instead of introducing other subjects. Help students find the author of the speech because this will challenge some students. And that has had great benefit for him because he's allowed to, you know, increase the distrust between his followers and the mainstream media. Trump will also employ a rhetorical technique called paralipsis to make claims that he can't be. Despite the now-known election outcome, the candidates use of language during the primary season raises some pertinent research questions. Presidential Speeches Rhetorical Analysis Bundle. Our online platform, Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) is one of the worlds most extensive multidisciplinary collections of online resources, covering life, health, social and physical sciences, and humanities. In this table, the personal pronouns are depicted in bold. Reagan achieves this by using parallelism, great diction choices, and . Read Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. Table 3 indicates that the percentage of BW varies from 18.3% (Trump) to 26.4% (Cruz, and Sanders). The remaining variations can be largely explained by the speaker. Finally, have students work on writing their papers by writing their introductions with an enticing grab or hook. If time permits, have students share their work. Find out moreabout the program. Donald Trump's rhetoric has elicited comparisons to former Alabama governor George Wallace. What is Speech Analysis? With a longer distance, one can find the team Rubio and Cruz, with Bush having some affinities with this pair. Looking at the most frequent lemmas in the Brown corpus (Francis and Kucera, 1982), the first two are the same, but after them the order changes. MERCIECA: You see them respond. Note. The authors scrutinized the role of the audience in Bush's and Obama's victory speeches. According to this formulation, when all word types appearing before the h-point are functional words, the PTC value is 0. Verified answer. A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF DONALD J. TRUMP'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS DANIELLE F. DICKERSON 2019 In this thesis, I utilized three distinct theories (ideographs, dramatism, and the bully pulpit) to rhetorically analyze and assess President Trump's 2017 inaugural address. And we've seen that has really specific results. Barack Obama Inaugural Address: Analysis Introduction. Using the transcripts of the TV debates, the LD values vary from 36.6% (Trump) to 44.6% (Cruz). 1. identify an authors purposeful manipulation of language. Basic-level words are easily remembered; those messages will be best recalled that use basic-level language. (Lakoff and Wehling, 2012, p. 41). The only time that you see presidents using the rhetorical strategy of reification, which is treating people as objects, is when they're using war rhetoric. The following rhetorical strategies were analyzed: metaphors, metonymies, analogies, pronouns, the active or passive voice . Have students discuss the elements of an argument that they plan on addressing. Using also some lists of words, Hart (1984) has designed and implemented a political text analyzer called Diction. For him, all appearances and comments on the media were an opportunity for self-promotion. Thus, for the entire corpus, the absolute frequency of the term ti is tfi0 + tfi1. As it is extracted from a transcript, the sentence is not necessarily syntactically perfect. With the immigration issue for example, Trump prefers using the term immigration presenting this question more at an abstract level. She was a Puritan woman who was outspoken about her beliefs and challenged the authority of the male-dominated Puritan church. This estimator has the drawback of being instable, tending to decrease with text length (Baayen, 2008). Les mots qui nous gouvernent. You may also use the glossary to help you. Consider posing questions such as. For Clinton, the term affordable must be related to the Affordable Care Act (or health insurance reform). By exploring myths and truths surrounding Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, students think critically about commonly believed stories regarding this famous speech from the Civil War era. <> During an electoral campaign, the word tax is clearly more recurrent than budget to discuss financial issue, in part because the term tax is closer to citizens perception than the budget is. The candidates who stayed longer in this campaign have a clear preference for the I over the we. Help students find the history behind the speech without getting too bogged down in the details. This research was supported, in part, by the NSF under Grant #200021_149665/1. What did the author have to keep in mind when composing the text? 1 0 obj However, the binomial formulation is easier to use and gives a good approximation. The method of analysis was to locate expressions where linguistic choices seem to have been made in order to convey certain views. To conclude briefly, previous studies have mainly analyzed governmental speeches, and less frequently the electoral speeches (Boller, 2004) or related messages (e.g. endobj A Rhetorical Criticism and Analysis of President Ronald Reagan's Inaugural Address: Applying the Burkeian Dramatistic Pentad Approach Marzuki Jamil Baki bin Haji Mohamed Johar Bachik Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program inSpeech Communicationat Eastern Illinois University. Nearly everything we read and hear is an argument. From a stylistic point of view, this corpus is homogenous, corresponding to an oral communication form, extracted from a short period of time, and with the same main objectives (convincing the people, answering questions, presenting their ideas and solutions). To obtain an overall measure of the intensity of the action over the descriptive part of a text, Kubt and Cech (2016) suggest to compute the ratio between the proportion of verbs divided by the sum of the proportion of the verbs and adjectives. COMM 1020 classes include a Great Speeches assignment, where you need to find and analyze an influential speech from history. A text or a dialogue with a high percentage of BW tends to be more complex to understand. Taking another strategy, one can use the h-point splitting the vocabulary into two parts. On 20th, January in the year 2009, he took an oath of office as the 44th president of America. O "The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our Nation.". 4 0 obj 1, only the functional words (409 entries) have been used to reflect the style of each candidate. This assignment requires students to look for those elements. Students study Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech and work in groups to create a mural that depicts Dr. King's vision of peace. This present article examines the verbal style and rhetoric of the candidates of the 2016 US presidential primary elections. Also, the analysis indicated three contrastive themes of religion, time, and participant . 4. In another study, Yu (2013) reveals that (political) feminine figures tend to use emotional words more frequently and employ more personal pronouns than men. hierarchical clustering built on the complete link) to visualize the different groups of candidates according to their stylistic profiles. As demonstrated previously, Trump opted for a simple and direct communication style, preferring short sentences with simple words. Here, rhetoric is defined as the art of effective and persuasive speaking, the way to motivate an audience, while language style is presented as pervasive and frequent forms used by an author for mainly esthetical value (Biber and Conrad, 2009). Sanders answers and remarks are clearly more focused on a few topics. Applying this procedure, the term specificity can be computed according to the text P0. Their analysis will consider questions such as What makes the speech an argument?, How did the author's rhetoric evoke a response from the audience?, and Why are the words still venerated today? Trumps style appears, here too, as distinct from the others, providing his answers and comments around functional words. What are the main purposes of this speech? For the modern American president, the ability to be an effective public speaker can make all the difference in terms of the perception of the intelligence of any given commander-in-chief of the most powerful nation on earth. The third longest distance (0.467) can be found between Cruz and OMalley. Pine Creek Company completed 200,000 units during the year at a cost of $3,000,000. 1 May 2023. tgm=-~dH++jD$f+[zwZT]R-QnGG!B_>L{\DIm$N`=jD`j8=P:&Wm/? When looking more at the content of their utterances, one can also observe differences between the candidates. Moreover, the first and last examples tackle one of the recurrent topics for the Democrat, for which the terms college, university, and tuition are specific in Sanders rhetoric. Senators Cruz or OMalley have a more sophisticated communication style, employing longer sentences and a more complex lexicon. From these analyses, one can observe, for example, that governmental institutions tend to smooth out the differences between political parties when exercising command. PSQ's distinguished contributors are leading scholars and professionals in political science, history, and communications. Using the Diction system, Bligh et al. they dont like seeing ) in Trumps comments. Presidents are also using very frequently the words government, world, and the adjectives free, great, or new. 3.3 Understanding the Writing Assignment; 3.4 Creating the Thesis; 3.5 Revising Your Draft(s) . Trumps topics are relatively similar to those presented by Kasich and, with some distance, with those exposed by Paul. SHAPIRO: You point out that President Trump is much more eager than any of his predecessors to dehumanize his opponents. In this essay, I will analyze the rhetorical situation of the historical speech "The Challenger Address" delivered by the 40th president of the United States, Ronald Reagan. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research; professional development; and education. The author uses rhetorical strategies to create a tone of pity and contempt for Phil, which shows how people who prioritize work over life are sad creatures who hurt the people around them. Single speeches. The president must make a speech that appeals to the audience while being professional. I think that it'll be interesting to see what happens next. What is Reagan's main purpose in this passage? It includes:- a copy of President Ronald Reagan's "Challenger" speech with numbered paragraphs- a graphic organizer that asks students to identify SOAPSTone and Ethos, Pathos, and Logos elements (along with the scaffolding of paragraph numbers to return to)- a key to the graphic organizer- an open ended question prompt for formative or summative (2010) to estimate the popularity of the Obama administration. And he lets them know that they shouldn't trust anyone but him. 1. The public perceived J. Kerry as a kind of depressed person, serious, somber, and cold, adopting more frequently negative emotion expressions (e.g. This analysis is based on the thematic concentration of a text, providing a first overview at the recurrent topical terms used by each candidate. Le discours gouvernemental. Analyzes president john f kennedy's use of parallelism, aristotle appeals, trustworthy information for other sources, and references back to himself. A more interesting finding is the presence of the pronoun I in the most over-used terms by only two runners: Trump and Clinton. Abstract: This paper analyzes President Obama's rhetoric in his two inaugural addresses in order to determine how his presidential rhetoric conforms and violates current rhetorical traditions in inaugural addresses. evaluate to something in a careful and thoughtful way ad hominem reasoning that attacks the rather than the For Session Four, students must bring a thesis, an outline, and all of their research materials to class for a workday. We will use rhetorical analysis to examine how presidential candidates and political commentators attempt to achieve their purposes in speeches, websites, and articles. On the other hand, when all those types are lexical words, PTC reaches the maximum value of 1.0 or 100%. Thus, the analysis of the most frequent ones is certainly a good starting point, as shown in the first sub-section. This fact is confirmed by recent studies: One finding of cognitive science is that words have the most powerful effect on our minds when they are simple. Le discours des premiers ministres qubcois: 1960-2005. What is the occasion for the speech? Check the links to the online resources (in Websites section) make sure that they are still working prior to giving out this assignment. The analysis will use the oral communication form, a more direct and spontaneous way of interacting, reflecting more closely the personal style of each candidate. Usually Senators (e.g. The two closest candidates are Bush and Rubio (0.104), while the second shortest distance (0.114) joins Clinton with Sanders. Displaying directly the 9 9 matrix containing these distances has a limited interest. Once the speechwriter is identified, it is easier to find information on the speech. That is, a person reading a written text aloud will produce speech that has the linguistic characteristics of the written text. And so what that means is that you can't predict who exactly will respond, but you can predict with certainty that someone will respond. More than half the articles published by rhetorical critics during this period concern a single presidential speech. How? A speech analysis is an evaluation of a speech. President Abraham Lincoln, in his inaugural address, addresses the topic of the civil war and its effects on the nation and argues that America could be unified once more. Based on this perspective, the longest distance (0.251) connects Trump and OMalley, and the second longest (0.181) links Paul to OMalley. Which best describes the type of appeal used in this part of the speech? To highlight the different styles adopted by the candidates, Biber and Conrad (2009) indicate that such a study should be based on ubiquitous and frequent forms.
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