what happened to the zapruder film

In this context I would like to suggest it was the Elsie Dorman film that did just that. On November 22, 1963, Abraham Zapruder shot what has become the most famous home movie of all time: a chilling 26-second snippet of film depicting the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The FBI later tested Zapruder's camera and found that it filmed an average of 18.3frames/second (slightly deviating from the camera's standard frame rate of 16 frame/s). Gil Jesus has created a simple simulation to show the effect of frame removal. Filmed by Abraham Zapruder. Special Agent George Hickey was also in the follow-up car with Hill. [His secretary] Lillian remembered that "Everybody was going nuts, turning on the television. However, no wound or blood is seen on either President Kennedy or Governor Connally prior to frame 313. It looked to me as if the President was struck in the right upper rear of his head. [22], The first broadcast of the Zapruder film was on the late-night television show Underground News with Chuck Collins, originating on WSNS-TV, Ch 44, Chicago in 1970. In early 1964, the Warren Commission spent weeks examining the footage and conducting tests on Zapruders camera during its official investigation of the assassination. In his affidavit, Billy Lovelady, an employee of the Texas School Book Depository, said"I recall that following the shooting, I ran toward the spotwhere President Kennedy's car had stopped." The Altgens photo shows that Clint Hill still has not jumped off the running board. Each object that appears during the film has its starting position equal to where it appears first in its frames. Z-381, Z-382, Z-383, Z-384, Z-385, Z-386, Z-387, Z-388, Z-389, Z-390, Z-391, Z-392, Z-393, Z-394, Z-395, Z-396. Time Inc. filed a lawsuit against Thompson and his publishing company for copyright infringement. Marilyn recalled that the noise woke them out of their shocked trance. He was interviewed after the assassination in the Dallas County Sheriff's Dept. So, that's quite a conundrum. If it is a small number of people as versus a large number, then folks are apt to go with the larger number using things like what is said above. After: Jackie begins to retreat. He filmed from the time the presidential limousine turned onto Elm Street[1] for a total of 26.6seconds, exposing 486 frames of standard 8 mm KodachromeII safety film, running at an average of 18.3 frames/second. All for what? The first opportunity Americans had to see it was on Mar. This would contradict the Commissions central finding that JFK was killed by a single shooter. Life refused to approve the use of any of the frames, even after Thompson offered to give all profits from the book sales to Life. The President was leaning forward when he stiffened perceptibly at the same instant what appeared to be a rifle shot sounded the President seemed to stiffen and come to a pause when another shot sounded and the President appeared to be badly hit in the head. Nallis model shows that the wound wasnt where the bullet exited, but where it entered. But then suddenly Governor Connally was yelling . HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. There are 108+ witnesses who say something different happened than the favored conspiracy theories based on the Zapruder Film, or the Official Story about what happened during the assassination. This movement of the limousine is verified by witness Roy Truly, who testified that,"I saw the President's car swerve to the left and stop." Then there is a following frame with the same two large black lines across the image. As you will see, he associates that shot with the first time he grabbed the handgrip. Gil - Very concise work and convincing enough to a Z film alteration skeptic like myself. So anyway, he walked in, and he handed me the camera. But theres something else about this close view its so close you cant see exactly when Clint Hill first gets into the picture. A small number of witnesses said shooting happened there. [15] After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film. What I saw was more than you have there [in frame 313]. He also described a white spray. A far cry from his original observation of a large gaping wound in the right rear.. "As it came in line with my camera, I heard a shot," Abe later recalled. We KNOW the Muchmore film has an anomaly at Z312-313. The infamous frame would remain excised from all public versions of the film until 1975, when it was shown for the first time on reporter Geraldo Riveras television show Good Night America.. They moved toward the pergola where the Hesters had been standing during the motorcade, but in the panic and chaos, Abe soon got separated from the rest of them. Statements by Zapruder and Marilyn Sitzman, the woman who assisted him while he operated his camera, suggested that he DID film the turn onto Elm Street. the biggest tragedy is that another version exists which none of us have seen. And, he says, when he mounted the car the sound of that shot was different from the earlier one. 20 frames from the time Webb hit the dirt, until AC made contact. Pat, I'm sure the public viewing 313 with the backward head snap were seeing horrific images that didn't add up with the Warren conclusion. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. He rushed over to Dealey Plaza, where he spotted Abe holding his camera and immediately approached him to find out if he had caught the shooting on film. ( Decker Exhibit 5323, 19 H 467 ) Nallis not the first person to use physics to model the bullets trajectorythe head wound and ballistics are covered in-depth in theWarren Report. He had open ties to the CIA. But I think the top 3 prime suspects involved in JFK's death being set up were Jack Ruby and his organized crime, The Zapruder Film Mystery, the CIA, and the United States Government. He tried negotiating with Life for the rights to print important individual frames in his book Six Seconds in Dallas. After having a nightmare in which he saw a sign in Times Square, New York City, with the phrase "See the President's head explode! James Norwood, a retired professor of Humanities, University of Minnesota, was perhaps the first to point out what seems to be a definitive discrepancy: In the Zapruder film of the assassination, Jackie goes only just beyond the middle of the trunk before retreating. Hill said he saw JFKs head come apart after he reached the car. "Some people were screaming," she said. Dellarosa claimed to have seen the same version and described what he saw in detail, that the limo had a difficult time navigating the turn from Houston onto Elm and that the limo completely stopped. But a stop DURING the shooting sequence, at a time when Jackie was neither on the trunk nor Clint Hill had started toward the rear of the limo, could either be a sign that the driver realized he was driving into an ambush in front of him, or more sinisterly, making it easier for the shooters to kill JFK. Heres what I cant sort out: His stories do not agree with the films, and the films do not seem to agree with each other. Editing a stop out is easy. That's 0.66 seconds. I guess there was a noise, but it didnt seem like any different noise really because there is so much noise, motorcycles and things. Marie Muchmore filmed the motorcade from the same side as Nix, on the south side of Elm. Title 8, Chapter 21, Demonstrative Evidence; Section 214: The principle upon which photographs are most commonly admitted into evidence is the same as that underlying the admission of illustrative drawings, maps, and diagrams. In his testimony before the Warren Commission, Zapruder said that the cause of the blurred frames was because he was moving the camera. There is no question that the Zapruder film. Zapruders film has since served as a major piece of evidence for government investigators, amateur detectives and conspiracy theorists alike. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/news/what-happened-to-the-zapruder-film. Chart from Military Armament Corporation. Abraham Zapruder is sometimes presented as a forefather of all citizen journalists. It would seem that the composite film was made from a copy that had been reviewed in Washington while Dino Brugioni was printing stills and preparing briefing boards from the original. Milicent Cranor is a senior editor at WhoWhatWhy. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Now everywhere you read about it, you never read about the car stopping. (Unless Mr. Palamara knows different.). [1], On the morning of November 23, CBS lost the bidding for the footage to Life magazine's $150,000 offer ($1,330,000 in 2023). There was a risk, however: He would need to set the telephoto lens on full zoom in order to get a clear view of them, and he worried that he would get dizzy standing up on the ledge while following them through the lens as they passed by. counts among the top reads on the JFKA & Vol.IV contains his work on Zapruder's film over the assassination weekend. The 1963 Zapruder film, taken by Abraham Zapruder, is derived from the six-foot strip of celluloid contained in the U.S. National Archives, scientifically pr. Public Viewing of the Zapruder Film - On March 6, 1975, the Zapruder film was shown for the first time to the American people by Geraldo Rivera on ABC's Good Night America. Incredibly, the Zapruder film was withheld from the American public for nearly 12 years. One has a film of the p. limo traveling down Elm Street. So, as Abe climbed up on the ledge and found his bearings, he asked Marilyn to stand behind him and steady him if he started to lose his balance. It would have been impossible to alter the film in such a way as to depict the movement of the head as being anything other than what it was. especially clear copy of Zapruder frame #375, frames from the copy of his film are missing, shooting a revolver into a hard object it seemed to have some type of an echo, Between the time I originally grabbed the handhold and until I was up on the car the second noise that I heard had removed a portion of the Presidents head, reaching for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car, the right rear tail, when I mounted the car it was it had a different sound, as though you were standing against something metal and firing into it, and you hear both the sound of a gun going off and the sound of the cartridge hitting the metal place, The right rear portion of his head was missing, Emmett Hudson, Dealey Plaza groundskeeper, Associated Press photographer James W. Altgens. Gil JesusFebruary 11, 2022 in JFK Assassination Debate. Based on his model, Nalli also thinks that the theory of a second shooter and that of the president being shot by hollow-point or soft-point bullets are also unlikely. There would be a difference between the viewers desired and the viewers who could conceivably see the composite. The extant Zapruder film is missing frames 208-211. The Zapruder family originally refused to consent, but in 1978, the family transferred the film to the National Archives and Records Administration for appropriate preservation and safe-keeping, while still retaining ownership of the film and its copyright. The film being "lost in the processing plant" destroys its chain-of-possession. Then I saw a flash of pink like someone standing up and sitting down in the car." However, I dont believe that is the case. You can see how his visor snaps up when contact is made. Marina's role in what happened in Dallas rested primarily on the results of scientific analysis. It would not be left to circumstantial decision. This film has been edited. And in real life, as demonstrated by the chart from the Military Armament Corporation, there are also manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. She has also co-authored numerous peer-reviewed articles for medical journals. Jacqueline Kennedy gave a plausible explanation during her testimony to the Warren Commission: You know, there is always noise in a motorcade and there are always motorcycles besides us, a lot of them backfiring. When he continued filming, frame 133 already shows the presidential motorcade in view. all 10 of the witnesses listed above were wrong. The people in the p. limo have been painted or blacked out. Officer B.J. I personally have never seen anybody killed in my life, and to see something like this, shooting a man down like a dog, I just couldn't believe. It shows the farthest Jackie gets onto the trunk, in this film. He re-cranked the mechanism of the camera to "full wind" so that it would run for the maximum amount of time. That gives one a lot of scenes to use elsewhere. The Russian-born Zapruder was a clothing manufacturer whose office sat across the street from the Texas School Book Depository in Dallas. AC absolutely hit Webb's helmet. Abe Zapruder had no idea when he took his 8-millimeter camera down to Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963 that he would record President Kennedy's assassination. Before looking at stills from these rather fuzzy films, you may want to see a good clear picture of the trunk, and the reference points that help nail down Jackies location on the trunk at various times: the seatback, the handholds, and the word on the side of the limousine (Continental). Orville Nix was filming the motorcade from the plaza on the south side of Elm St., on the opposite side of the limo from Zapruder. I have postulated on another thread that what we now see is the remainder of a rear headshot (Rydberg drawing) causing the side blowout and a subsequent frontal headshot causing the rear blowout (excised). She came upon a diagram, printed in 1963 showing a circle surrounding three snipers in a triangle. What exactly did McMahon and Hunter say about the version they received, in contrast to what Brugioni describes receiving in the Horne film? Zapruder, armed with his Super Eight camera, filmed what would be the only movie footage of the assassination. Zapruder recovered eventually, and the two talked periodically. The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence.Today, however, things are different. However, the chance of a leaked version ever seeing the light of day showing images of the limousine stopping during the assassination would have been infinitely more devastating to the Secret Service and would have been proof of SS complicity. Mark Tyler on a thread here looked into the ear witness testimony and that points to two shots around the time of the headshot. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. The strange thing is, Altgens said he took that picture almost simultaneously with what he called the first shot. When questioned closely about the timing, Altgens swore that he heard no other shots or noises that could have been shots before this first one. The Act also created the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection at the National Archives. Those witnesses introduce a large element of doubt. For decades, the Warrennati have cried out that the Zapruder film could not have been altered because it synchronizes with the Nix and Muchmore films. So instantaneous the crowd hadnt had time to react.. McCormick had been at the Trade Mart waiting for the president to arrive when he heard of the shooting. In Harry's account, it was he who told Abe that the Secret Service would want to see the film, and he offered to get Dallas Secret Service chief Forrest Sorrels and bring him to Jennifer Juniors [the business which Abe owned]. So decisions made as to what could be seen in the composite had to be across-the-board convincing of the cover story, at least within the limits of argument. I heard a noise from my right rear, which to me seemed to be a firecracker. William Newman and his family were the closest to Kennedy when he was shot. There are 8 films in all that have been edited on Houston Street. But if the Nix film was missing frames, how could that be ? To see a slow motion of the sequence showing Jackie on the trunk, please go here. When did Hill actually grab onto the limousine the first time, before he fell off and got back on again? The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence. Nicholas Nalli, senior research scientist at IMSG, Inc., created a model of the mechanics of the gunshot wound itself to explain where the bullet may have come from. The processed film then was taken by Zapruder to the Jamieson labs so that 3 optical print copies could be made. I suspect a more complex film simulation could be created to simulate the sequence I describe. I believe that this experiment proves that the stop could have been edited out and the resulting film would show that the vehicle had only slowed down when it completely stopped.More evidence of editing: missing frames Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been FORCED to retain the headshot frames. The film has been featured in films and other media, such as the Oliver Stone film JFK. Why Elsie Dorman? 26, 1964, he said:Immediately after President Kennedy was struck with a second bullet, the car in which he was riding pulled to the curb ( CD 897, pg. For more on this, go here.). Just look in YouTube, a JFK assassination book, or visit any Kennedy conspiracy conference. They killed him!' The muzzle blast spread from a suppressed [i.e., silenced] weapon shows deception and confusion resulting from attempts to locate sound origin from a weak fixed source at various angles from the source. I recall one researcher saying that the Elsie Dorman was the worst photographer ever. Another piece of evidence is that we know the limo braked (brake lights came on) at the right time. Jackies right wrist hovers at the edge of the trunk, and her hand seems to have reached the handhold. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Camera in hand, my grandfather Abe Zapruder went down to Dealey Plaza to scout out a location. 1960's. I wondered if it could have been possible to edit out the stop and would the finished product look like the limo just slowed down ? Four hundred and eighty six frames later, Zapruder had not only captured history, he had made it. The 26-second Zapruder film of Kennedy's assassination marked the pre-dawn of the viral video . Abraham Zapruder (May 15, 1905 - August 30, 1970) was a Ukrainian-born American clothing manufacturer who witnessed the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.He unexpectedly captured the shooting in a home movie while filming the presidential limousine and motorcade as it traveled through Dealey Plaza. Each set was consisted of two boards, hinged in the middle, and contained between 12 and 15 prints of frames from the film, with the frame number indicated on the board. This claim is significant, because if the limo had stopped AFTER the shooting sequence, it could be argued that it stopped because Jackie was on the trunk or to give agents on the followup car a chance to reach the limo. [10][12], Brugioni thought the Zapruder Film in the National Archives today, and available to the public, has been altered from the version of the film he saw and worked with on November 2324. Zapruder gave two of the copies to Sorrels and they were sent to Washington.
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