napier grass production per acre

Cost of production estimates for peanut, corn, and cotton were taken from the University of Georgia Crop Extension budgets for non-irrigated and irrigated production. Before starting the cultivation of Napier grass, plough the field and harrow it very well. Napier grass had lower global warming (GW) impacts and biomass delivery costs, 34-153 kg CO eq. In the absence of a reliable price series for napier grass or energy cane, one method to address this is the estimate the breakeven (minimum) price for napier grass at which napier grass would equal the returns over variable and total cost of the peanut, cotton, corn production system. Do not practice napier grass cultivation in soggy soil. Though Napier grass is tolerant to drought and can grow well even in the areas which are dry, it is considered to be suitable to grow in the areas where there is high rainfall. If the cross commodity breakeven price for peanuts (for example) is below the price received for peanuts, then napier grass (the comparison crop) provides higher net returns than peanuts. This method gives good results than the conventional one. Risks must also be considered as crop insurance coverage is available minimize downside yield and price risks for peanuts, cotton, and corn. Do not use the mix of available chemicals in stores. 11, 574582 (2018). in other agricultural systems. The entire stem should be planted at the time of heavy rainfall and in the areas which are hilly. Super Napier grass directly impacts the physical growth of animals. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9916-1. If Napier grass does not grow wild in your area, you may be able to buy some from a plant nursery or catalogue. To achieve this goal, increased emphasis was placed on the development of cellulosic biofuels. The pits length can change and it is completely dependent on the land which is available. The 336kgha1N rate was higher than the 84kgha1N rate in the 100% irrigation level (Table 4). Napier grass is used in the pest management strategy as a pull crop which attracts the pests to come out of the plant. Irrigated yield were comparable to reported dry biomass yields of 16.4Mgha1 across five energy cane varieties with yield converted to a total farm area basis in Louisiana [4]. He focuses on learning and delivering knowledge on Agriculture and Home Gardening. However, since napier grass is a perennial with multi-year production cycle, the breakeven prices for napier grass must be also calculated relative to the peanut, cotton, corn rotation system and not just against each crop individually. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. When you take first harvesting, then composting is required to apply on plants just after getting the same height of first composting and so on. The breakeven prices in the 100 and 50% irrigation levels were basically the same at approximately $69 and $90 per ton for variable and total cost (Table 5). An assumed price for napier grass of $75Mg1 was used to standardize revenue per hectare and the associated differences in irrigation application and rent cost were incorporated to estimate the partial net return to irrigation. 2014. Napier grass is the primary source for the production of paper in many regions across the country. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. In the non-irrigated regime, the minimum prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $415.50Mg1, $1.61kg1, and $336.14Mg1. Though yield difference between the 100 and 50% irrigation levels was significant, added costs for applying irrigation were incurred. In this method, a specific kind of rooster is the primary choice for meat. Peanut, corn, and cotton were produced in non-irrigated and full irrigation regimes. We use water mixture minerals necessary requirements that plants need. On the first lactation, Hf cow produces 35 to 40 liters of milk per day for the next 2 months. Every cutting must fix at a 45 to 55-degree angle. Numerous annual and perennial warm-season grasses have been introduced and their management practices have been evaluated to determine their suitability as biofuel feedstocks [1, 2]. One tim, Some people get suddenly excited by hearing the thumbnail or profit margin that people claim in hydroponic farming. Grass legume associations in the tropics. In one year, 6 to 8 crops of Super Napier grass can be harvest. Look for stems that have at least three nodes, which are small bumps that will eventually grow into new leaves. Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mrtensson, Ana Barreiro, Erik Steen Jensen, Sichao Wang, Gregg R. Sanford, Kurt D. Thelen, Sunil Kumar, T. Kiran Kumar, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Flabiele S. da Silva, Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Aikaterini Karyoti, Kyriakos D. Giannoulis, Nicholaos G. Danalatos, Mousumi Mondal, Sourav Garai, Rajib Kundu, Ernst H. Smit, Johann A. Strauss & Pieter A. Swanepoel, BioEnergy Research When plants appear 15 cm and just more from the ground level, first composting can apply to the plants. Yield per acre. Now mix 1 topsoil : 2 farmyard manure and place it in the pits. At the 50% irrigation level, the napier grass price would be $116.71 and $121.03 for variable and total cost, respectively. Generally, Napier grass can grow between 10 to 33 degrees Celcius, but more or less temperature affects their growth including a sudden change in seasonal conditions. Res. For corn, the breakeven price was reached in 2years during the 5-year period and 7years of the 10-year period. For dairy farming purpose, people want to have hf cows instead of many desi cows. It is better to get at least a practical idea to start a hydroponic farming business. The distance between the pits should be at least 90 centimetres. BioEnergy Res 6(2):110, Mark TB, Salassi ME, Deliberto MA (2009) Developing a cellulosic ethanol industry in Louisiana. Her horns are quite curved upwards. Packchong1 is the official name of Super Napier grass. In H.E. The disease need more attention since there is risk of spreading to other African countries. Growing up to a high height (400 - 500 cm). In an existing cropping system, a portion of depreciation on existing equipment could be paid out whereas equipment required for a new crop alternative would have to be purchased and fully depreciated. Watering should be done on the third day. Because the food (fodder) is a mixture of poisonous, feeding livestock that causes death. As one would expect, dry matter yield per cut of King Napier grass ( Table 2) increased with increasing intervals between harvests, from 1,779 kg DM/ha/cut at 30 day interval to 4,683 kg DM/ha/cut . Pesticides, growth regulators, and defoliants were applied based on field scouting and best management recommendations. Plough the land with help of tractors or whatever method you want to. When harvesting the fodder should be remove along the ground level. Moreover, for the production of Napier grass, less water and nutrients are required. Economic feasibility of biofuel crops in Florida: energycane on mineral soils. Yield range is 380-400 tons/ha. However, all plots were harvested minimum yield impact. 2009 demonstrated the importance of yield on breakeven prices for switchgrass produced on four differing soil types in Tennessee with breakeven prices ranging from $46Mg1 (17.7Mgha1 yield) to $69Mg1 (8.5Mgha1 yield) concluding that breakeven prices were influenced by yield, N price, and fuel prices [19]. Although slight variations existed in certain years due to weather or equipment availability, tillage operations basically consisted of disking, subsoiling, S-tine field cultivating, rototill to establish seed beds, and planting. The soil should be fully absorbed and given the required nutrients then the soil should be extinguished. Economic Competitiveness of Napier Grass in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Georgia Coastal Plain Cropping Systems. After harvest, samples were further cured to around 9% moisture, weighed, and riffle divided to obtain a 1800g sent to the Alabama Federal State Inspection Service (Dothan, AL) to obtain peanut grade factors including foreign material, total sound mature kernels, sound splits, other kernels, loose shelled kernels, and damage kernels. It should be in such a way that the seedbed should be very good for the plantation. The disease reduces forage yield by 40 to 90%. The leaves (6 - 8 cm) are broad. The main reason is that the production cost per ton and the partial net returns to irrigation between the two irrigation rates were very close because the additional per hectare revenue in the 100% irrigated napier grass was basically negated by the additional irrigation application cost compared to the 50% irrigated napier grass. Part of Springer Nature. Organic compost is basic fertilizer that can use with almost every kind of cultivation. In 2015, Georgia peanut acreage was 785,000 with a yield of 4330 pounds per acre and a farm gate value of $656 million. Irrigated yield increases demonstrate the yield and economic importance of irrigation in coastal region of Georgia. The USDA-ARS WholeFarm planning system was utilized to calculate net returns and breakeven yields and prices. Amer. Advantages of Napier Grass: All the growth stimulants that provide natural methods of pest and natural nutrients should be through the leaf for 15 days before harvest. Each of these used a net present value approach to estimate annualized establishment and production costs. Super Napier grass grows by cuttings of at least 2 nodes( mentioned above). Co.CN4 is another hybrid Napier grass released by TNAU, Coimbatore, is a cross between Cumbu Co.8 and Napier grass F.T.461. This is the method which gives very high yields of herbage even in the seasons which are dry. Hence crop protection is not necessary. The leaves which are young and tender seem very tasty when served as feed to livestock or cattle. Later the disease reported from other countries like Uganda (1930), Rwanda (1963), Tanzania (1975), Kenya (1980) and Congo. Your email address will not be published. Napier grass possesses many desirable characteristics, including high yield per unit area, tolerance to intermittent drought and high water use efficiency , making it a forage of choice. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. Napier plant plays a major role in the production of biomass. The main effect of irrigation was significant for yield for all crops: napier grass, all years (30,396kgha1 100% irrigated vs. 28,114kgha1 50% irrigated vs. 22,180kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); peanuts (6395kgha1 irrigated vs. 4205kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); cotton (1537kgha1 irrigated vs. 795kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)); and corn (12,847kgha1 irrigated vs. 3228kgha1 non-irrigated (P<0.001)) (Table 2). As a result, numerous perennial warm-season grasses have been introduced and management practices evaluated to determine their suitability as biofuel feedstocks. Cut a mature stem of Napier grass. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Cotton acreage was 1.13 million yielding 966 pounds per acre with a value of $694 million. These costs were removed to accurately depict the actual cost. For a long time, naturally cultivated farming can save 8 years of good yield and protein level. Plantation of seedlings should be done in holes which are small or it can also be done in furrows. HF cow milk production per day in India The cow milk production depends on the lactation frequency. Don't use chemical or laboratory fertilizers in your fields, instead use organic compost. These cuttings can be 15 to 20 cm long and white-yellowish by color. Gir cow identity Head and body structure Gir cow head is quite different from other desi cow breeds. After that, Super Napier grass will grow very fast and densely. Gir cow and milk production in India Even after keeping a desi tag, Gir cows are either the first or the second choice to start dairy farming in most of the country regions in India. Planting whole stems is useful during the heavy rains, and in hilly areas where you need the grass to sprout quickly to cover the ground. Merkeron) was established in 10-cm pots in the greenhouse for transplanting the following spring. It is almost between the front and back legs. Super Napier grass is a highly nutritious forage crop in many parts of the world. Perusal of table 1 revealed that majority of the beneficiaries (50%) observed the yield of 22 tons per acre. This will incluces germination positively.The stem at interval of 60 cms gab. In warm-season (C4) grasses. It can also be grown in combination with fodder trees along with the boundaries of the field or contour lines to help to prevent the soil erosion. Irrigated peanut, cotton, and corn yields were increased 52, 93, and 297% over the non-irrigated yield (P0.05) during the 20112015 crop years (Table 2). Though the production of seeds is not that consistent, the collection part is very tough. Thus, it is the best choice to get more benefits in terms of cost, space . Napier plant with smutted tillers (initial symptom). During the harvesting process, plants cut direct from their bottom portion of the stem but just above(2 to 3 inches) from the ground. . But, to get a very good yield which results in maximum returns, the sowing should be done by the end of February. The plantation of Napier grass is done in the marginal slopes and lands in order to improve the fertility of the soil and to decrease the erosion of soil. Lint was sent to the USDA cotton classing office (Macon, GA) for official grading. Irrigation in the napier grass was applied to reach a minimum of 2.54cm per week in the 100% rate and 1.27 at the 50% rate. But Gir cow is among those high milk-producing cows that can compete with HF and Jersey in some sense. This method provides more intuitive price comparisons for these traditional crops because the markets are established and prices are consistently reported. Yields are highest at the 100% irrigation level. Using iron plought, two to five feet deep or about 15 to 30 cm ploughing should be done deeply. Because of the reduced non-irrigated corn yield in Georgia (38% of non-stress yields), limited acres are devoted to corn in non-irrigated production. Daily soil water potential at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6m is entered in the program. Educ. This makes it a very good raw material for the production of biofuel. Google Scholar, Coffin AW, Strickland TC, Anderson WF, Lamb MC, Lowrance RR, Smith CM (2016) Potential for production of perennial biofuel feedstocks in conservation buffers on the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. Lamb, M.C., Anderson, W.F., Strickland, T.C. However, depending on prices for traditional crops and bioenergy feedstocks, napier grass could offer economic opportunities in non-irrigated production systems (depending on crop mix), riparian buffer zones, and non-cropped areas. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. The results of this research provide the baseline for Southeast producers to evaluate napier grass production in both irrigated and non-irrigated environments relative to traditional cropping systems. Super Napier grows well in all types of water. of Florida, IFAS Extension. Main varieties of hybrid Napier grass are, Pusa Giant, IGFRI 5, NB 21, NB 37, IGFRI 7 and IGFRI 10. . per oven-dry metric ton (ODMT) and $51-$57 perODMT, respectively than that of energy cane. Harvest the crop once in 45 days. Reduce the radius of the crops once every two to three years and maintain the size of the bar 3 * 2 feet. Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss Out, Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming System, Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To Harvesting. Eyes- Sah, Investment in 1000 Super napier grass plants, Profit from 1000 super napier grass plants. First, you need to separate the soil at the top from the subsoil. A high yielding Napier grass race in Asia. The partial net returns to irrigation do not imply that irrigated napier grass is more profitable per unit area or yield, but only suggest that the increased revenue from yield increases was sufficient to cover the added cost of irrigation. For cotton, the required breakeven price occurred during 2years (40%) and 5years (50%) for the respective time periods. Peanut Sci 33:8592, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA, 39842, USA, USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, Timothy C. Strickland,Alisa W. Coffin&Oliva Pisani, You can also search for this author in 2005. Super Napier grass contains 14 to 18% of protein which helps animals to get healthy and productive. The crop of Napier grass will be sown mostly in the last week of February to the last week of August in India. The napier grass breakeven prices ($ Mg1) were obtained by dividing the cost per hectare (including land rent) by the dry matter yield. Introducing a spectacular hybrid Super Napier plant that has unique characteristics to adopt as animal feedstock by the livestock owners. Gir cows are very productive and useful in Sustainable dairy farming projects. Cane cuttings are placed at an angle of 450 inside the planting holes. In the 50% irrigation level, the prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $390.53Mg1, $1.41kg1, and $191.56Mg1, respectively. EDIS document SC089, Anderson WF, Dien BS, Brandon SK, Peterson JD (2008) Assessment of bermudagrass and bunch grasses as feedstocks for conversion to ethanol. The reproduction of Napier grass is done in a vegetative way through shoots which are horizontal called stolon which locate above the soil extending from the parent to the offspring. 2014 showed a range of $88 to $101Mg1 with land rent included over five energy cane varieties and crop cycle lengths. A study conducted in South Florida on mineral soil focused on the breakeven price of ethanol for ranges of biomass yields and processing costs concluding energy cane production could offer an economically feasible bioenergy feedstock [5]. Excess green feed can be preserved in the form of silage. If you don't have parental land then it cost higher than expected, but if you have already then it cost you very little in a year.
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